^*Subject to change in the event of unforseen conflicts; study assignments may be revised up to within 24 hours
before the scheduled date so it is best not to print Study Assignments too far ahead of the scheduled date.  
 

Internet Links in Botany: Illustrations, Tutorials, and Discoveries in Plant Science

Development and Importance of Botany

Botanical Society of America
American Society of Plant Biologists
New Topics in Botany - Weekly -- Bryan Ness
Beltsville Agricultural Research Center-- USDA Research near Washington, DC.

Plant Cells and Reproduction

Mitosis -- Tutorial (Cornell University)
Mitosis - DNA Coiling into Chromosomes -- Animation (W.H. Freeman Co.)
Mitosis and Cytokinesis - McGraw Hill Animation

Plant Origins and Diversity

Answers in Genesis
Institute for Creation Research -- Publishers of "Impact" articles, with searchable by Subject Index
Creation Research Society -- Creation Research;   Journal:  Creation Research Society Quarterly
An Evolution Perspective:  The Tree of Life -- David R. Maddison and Wayne P. Maddison.
Access Research Network:  Origins Articles from Intelligent Design Scholars -- e.g. Michael Behe, Jonathan Wells
Hugh Ross' Reasons to Believe -- Example of  a  "Day-Age' approach to Genesis 1-2
 

Systems of Classification

Baraminology Study Groupup -- Applications of Discontinuity Systematics
Discontinuity Systematics and Walter ReMine's Biotic Message
The Origin of Biological Information and the Higher Taxonomic Categories -- by Stephen C. Meyer
PhyloCode Home Page -- An Alternative to the Linnaean Classification
"Tree of Life" Web Project --  Internet project in phylogeny and biodiversity
What Is Plant Systematics and Why Is It Important?  -- Dr. John Freudenstein,  The OSU Herbarium

Bacteria and Beginnings

New Classification of Archaea and Eubacteria
The Archaea - Lifes Extremists

• Halophilic Archaebacteria Wreck Conventional Classification
• The DasSarma Lab - University of Maryland

The Eubacteria
The Cyanoacteria
Video of Cyanobacterium Escaping a Ciliate

Algae: Autotrophic Protists

Images of Chlorophyta -- e.g. Spirogyra, Oedogonium, Chara, Clamydomonas, Ulva, Ulothrix    
Euglenophyta -- e.g. Euglena
Dinophyta (or Pyrrophyta) -- Dinoflagellates
Chromophyta (or Phaeophyta) -- Brown Kelp (e.g. Nereocystis) with bladder, stipe, and holdfast
Rhodophyta -- Red Algae (e.g. Porphyra) (Yum! used in flavoring soups, wrapping around rolls of rice)

Kingdom Fungi and Lichens

Myxomycota -- Slime Molds
Chytrids (Chytridomycota) -- What are Chytrids anyway?
Zygomycota -- represented by bread mold ( Rhizopus) shown here with asexual sporangium and diploid zygospore
Ascomycota -- the Sac Fungi have microscopic sac-like asci (site of meiosis) which are produced in ascocarps
Basidiomycota -- the "Club Fungi" include many mushrooms and bear their spores on club-like basidia following meiosis.
dddddddddddd -- Basidia are borne on gills of the mushroom
Deuteromycota -- Links to Image Files of Imperfect Fungi
Lichen -- Image Files

Introduction to Plant Kingdom - Bryophytes

Bryophytes -- Lots of links to photos of Mosses, Liverworts, and Hornworts (University of Wisconsin)

Seedless Vascular Plants -- Ferns, Clubmosses, Horsetails, Whisk Ferns

Psilotophyta -- Psilotum or Whisk Fern
>>> Additional Images of Psilotaceae
Lycopodophyta -- Clubmosses, Spike Mosses
Equisetophyta(Sphenophyta) -- Horsetails
    Equisetum Spores -- mechanism for dispersal
Polypodiophyta (Pteridophyta)-- Ferns

Introduction to Seed Plants -- Gymnosperms

Pinophyta(Coniferophyta) Pines, Spruces, Firs, Hemlocks, Cedars
Cycadophyta -- the Cycads
Ginkgophyta -- represented by Ginkgo biloba as the only species!
Gnetophyta-- including Ephedra (photo) and Welwitschia
Gymnosperm Characteristics: OvuleFemale Cones   Male Cones    Pollen Tube

Webpage Under Construction from here down (links need repair)

Angiosperms -- Fruit-bearing Plants

Anthophyta -- Life Cycle Overview
Fruit Key: California State University-Stanislaus
Fruits -- Slide Collection (University of Wisconsin)
Early Stages of Development -- Capsella

Economic Botany

Nikolai Vavilov Institute -- A New Threat from the Kremlin
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service
Rational Phytotherapy:  A Physicians Guide to Herbal Medicine (Centennial Library)
Herb World News Online

Plant Cells

Nucleus, Chloroplasts, Mitochondria, Vacuole-- Electron Micrograph
Chloroplasts -- in Moss Protonema
Chloroplast-- EM view of grana and stroma thylakoids
Amyloplasts-- with starch grains in potato
Chromoplasts -- in Marigold flower petals
Nuclei of Elodea Cells-- light microscope view
Endoplasmic Reticulum and Polysomes
Microtubules-- associated with Cell Wall
Middle Lamella and Plasmodesmata -- Persimmon (Diospyros)  endosperm at ~1000x.

Plant Tissues -- Slides from Botany Department, University of Wisconsin

Parenchyma -- pith in Coleus stem x-section; starch grains (stained)
Collenchyma -- in Coleus stem x-section
Sclerenchyma -- fibers of Tilia americana stem
Sclerenchyma -- sclerids (stone cells) in Pear Fruit
Early Stages of Development -- Capsella
Slides at Botany Home Page -- click HERE

Leaves --

Dicot Leaf Venation --  net, palmate, pinnate
Monocot Leaf Form -- with blade and sheath
      Slides from Botany Department, University of Wisconsin:
Lilac (Syringa) leaf -- cross section
Upper Epidermis and Palisade Mesophyll -- Syringa leaf
Corn (Zea mays) Leaf -- cross section
Pine (Pinus sp.) Leaf -- cross section
Pine (Pinus sp.) -- sunken stomata

Photosynthesis -- Animations

Light Reactions - by Graham R. Kent, Smith College
Calvin Cycle (Carbon Fixation) - by Graham R. Kent, Smith College
Light Reactions - University of Alberta

Stems -- Slides from Botany Department, University of Wisconsin

Coleus Shoot -- apical region with leaf primordia
Alfalfa (Medicago) Stem -- cross section
Potato (Solanum) Tuber-- modified stem with nodes (see "eyes")
Corn (Zea) Stem -- cross section